690 C
HAPTER 22
TERMS & NAMES
For each term below, write a sentence explaining its connec-
tion to the period 1929–1933. For the person below, explain his
role in the events of the period.
1. credit 6. Great Depression
2. speculation 7. Dust Bowl
3. buying on margin 8. direct relief
4. Black Tuesday 9. Herbert Hoover
5. Dow Jones Industrial Average 10. Bonus Army
MAIN IDEAS
Use your notes and the information in the chapter to answer
the following questions.
The Nation’s Sick Economy (pages 670–677)
1. How did what happened to farmers during the 1920s fore-
shadow events of the Great Depression?
2. What were some of the effects of the stock market crash in
October 1929?
Hardship and Suffering During the Depression
(pages 678–683)
3. How were shantytowns, soup kitchens, and bread lines a
response to the Depression?
4. Why did minorities often experience an increase in discrimi-
nation during the Great Depression?
5. What pressures did the American family experience during
the Depression?
Hoover Struggles with the Depression
(pages 684–689)
6.
How did Hoover’s treatment of the Bonus Army affect his
standing with the public?
7. In what ways did Hoover try to use the government to relieve
the Depression?
CRITICAL THINKING
1. USING YOUR NOTES In a chart like the one shown below,
show Hoover’s responses to the Great Depression. Indicate
how his philosophy changed and the reasons for that change.
Herbert Hoover’s Philosophy
2. ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY Do you think it would have been
difficult for individuals to recover financially during the
Depression without the entire economy recovering? Why or
why not?
3. DEVELOPING HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE How do you think
the Great Depression changed Americans’ view of themselves?
Consider the roles of men, women, and children in society and
in the family.
CHAPTER ASSESSMENT
Initial Response Change
(reasons)
Secondary
Response
T
HE
G
REAT
D
EPRESSION
B
EGINS
VISUAL SUMMARY
CAUSES
stock-based economy;
superficial prosperity
unequal distribution of
income
problems in industry and
the farm sector
increasing consumer
debt
stock market
speculation and crash
people out of work
rise of shantytowns
banks fail and schools close
world economy suffers
Hoover employs more active
governmental involvement
EFFECTS
T
HE
G
REAT
D
EPRESSION
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The Great Depression Begins 691
ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT
1. Recall your discussion of
the question on page 669:
What would you do to feed your
family?
Suppose the year is 1930 and you are the head of
your household. Write a letter to a relative overseas
in which you describe your family’s situation and
how you handled the crisis. Discuss the challenges
created by the Great Depression and what you’ve
learned as a result of enduring such hardships.
2. LEARNING FROM MEDIA View the
American Stories video Broke, but Not
Broken. Discuss the following questions in a small
group:
• What choices did Ann Marie Low’s family make
during the Depression? Do you agree with their
choices?
• What did you learn about the relationship
between the government and the farmers?
• What did the older Ann Marie Low’s comments
add to your understanding of the Great
Depression?
• Share your conclusions with the rest of the class.
INTERACT
INTERACT
WITH HISTORY
WITH HISTORY
Use the cartoon and your knowledge of U.S. history
to answer question 1.
1. The cartoon illustrates which event leading to the
Great Depression?
A bank failures
B Black Tuesday
C Bonus March
D the election of Herbert Hoover
2. In the 1930s, some areas of the country suffered
from especially harsh environmental conditions.
Thousands of farmers and sharecroppers were
forced to abandon their land and look for other
work. In which of the following areas were these
conditions worst?
F parts of Idaho, Wyoming, and Oregon
G parts of Missouri, Illinois, and Iowa
H parts of Florida, Alabama, and Georgia
J parts of Kansas, Texas, and Oklahoma
3. How did World War I contribute to causing the
Great Depression?
A Soldiers returning from the war were unskilled
and so had difficulty finding employment.
B Foreign countries had borrowed heavily to pay
for the war and so could not afford to buy
American goods.
C Americans had spent their money on war bonds
and so had little savings.
D American industry was geared for producing
weapons and could not retool to produce con-
sumer goods.
Standardized Test Practice
ADDITIONAL TEST PRACTICE, pages S1–S33.
ITEST PRACTICE
CLASSZONE.COM
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