612 C
HAPTER 19
TERMS & NAMES
For each term or name below, write a sentence explaining its
connection to World War I.
1. nationalism 6. armistice
2. trench warfare 7. Espionage and Sedition Acts
3. Zimmermann note 8. Great Migration
4. Selective Service Act 9. Fourteen Points
5. General John J. Pershing 10. Treaty of Versailles
MAIN IDEAS
Use your notes and the information in the chapter to answer
the following questions.
World War I Begins (pages 578–586)
1. What were the main reasons for U.S. involvement in the war?
2. Where did Germany begin its war offensive, and what
happened there?
American Power Tips the Balance (pages 587–593)
3. How did the United States mobilize a strong military during
World War I?
4. What new weapons made fighting in World War I deadlier
than fighting in previous wars?
The War at Home (pages 594–601)
5. What methods did the U.S. government use to sell the war to
the nation?
6. What events during the war undermined civil liberties?
Wilson Fights for Peace (pages 604–609)
7. What were the major effects of the Treaty of Versailles?
8. How did Wilson’s support for the League of Nations stand in
the way of Senate support for the Treaty of Versailles?
CRITICAL THINKING
1. USING YOUR NOTES In a chart like the one shown, provide
causes for the listed effects of World War I.
2. DEVELOPING HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Between 1914 and
1920, Americans debated the role their country should have
in world affairs. From the events of World War I, what might
Americans have learned about inter vention in the affairs of
other nations?
3. INTERPRETING MAPS Look at the maps of Europe before
and after World War I (page 606). Describe the changes in
national boundaries after the Versailles peace settlement.
CHAPTER ASSESSMENT
Effects
U.S. enters World War I
Germany collapses
U.S. economy becomes
more productive
Causes
T
HE
F
IRST
W
ORLD
W
AR
Nationalist tensions in Europe
Competition for colonies
Arms races and militarism
Formation of defense alliances
LONG-
TERM CAUSES
IMMEDIATE EFFECTS
LONG-TERM EFFECTS
IMMEDIATE CAUSES
Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
Austria-Hungary’s retaliation against
Serbia
Declarations of war between rival
alliances
Germany’s invasion of Belgium
Destruction and immense loss of life
Revolution in Russia
Social change in United States
Allied victory over Central Powers
Treaty of Versailles
Formation of mandates (temporary
colonies)
League of Nations
Breakup of empires
U.S. policy of isolationism
United States’ emergence as global
economic giant
Rise of militant extremist parties in
Europe
Eruption of World War II
W
ORLD
W
AR
I
VISUAL SUMMARY
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The First World War 613
ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT
1. Recall your discussion of
the question on page 577:
Do you think America should enter
the war?
Write a speech, arguing for or against American
involvement in World War I. Use information from
the chapter to support your argument. Give your
speech to the class.
2. LEARNING FROM MEDIA View the
American Stories video “Ace of Aces:
Eddie Rickenbacker and the First World War.”
Discuss the following questions in a group; then
do the activity.
• What is your impression of Eddie Rickenbacker?
• How did Rickenbacker adapt his skills and
talents to wartime?
Cooperative Learning Activity Rickenbacker’s
bravery and aviation skills made him a hero. What
qualities make people heroes? Using stories and
images from magazines and newspapers, make a
list of current heroes on a char t for display in your
classroom.
INTERACT
INTERACT
WITH HISTORY
WITH HISTORY
Standardized Test Practice
Use the map and your knowledge of United States
history to answer question 1.
1. Which country was an ally of the United States
during World War I?
A country A
B country B
C country C
D country D
Use the graph and your knowledge of United States
history to answer question 2.
2. The countries with the greatest percentage of
military casualties were all —
F members of the Allied Powers.
G members of the Central Powers.
H located far from the battlefront.
J bordering one of the war’s two fronts.
ADDITIONAL TEST PRACTICE, pages S1–S33.
ITEST PRACTICE
CLASSZONE.COM
Adriatic Sea
Baltic Sea
Black
Sea
Mediterranean Sea
North
Sea
A
B
C
D
N
S
E
W
Military Casualties
Casualties (percent of soldiers)
Russia
France
Germany
Italy
Great Britain
Bulgaria
United States
Austria-Hungary
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