902 C
HAPTER 28
CHAPTER ASSESSMENT
TERMS & NAMES
For each term or name below, write a sentence explain-
ing its connection to the Kennedy and Johnson adminis-
trations.
1. John F. Kennedy 6. Peace Corps
2. Fidel Castro 7. Warren Commission
3. Berlin Wall 8. Great Society
4. hot line 9. Medicare and Medicaid
5. New Frontier 10. Warren Court
MAIN IDEAS
Use your notes and the information in the chapter to
answer the following questions.
Kennedy and the Cold War (pages 876–884)
1. Explain the factors that led to Kennedy’s victory over
Nixon in the 1960 presidential campaign.
2. What were the most significant results of the Cuban
missile crisis?
The New Frontier (pages 885–889)
3. What was Kennedy’s New Frontier? Why did he have
trouble getting his New Frontier legislation through
Congress?
4. What two international aid programs were launched
during the Kennedy administration?
5. How did Kennedy’s assassination affect the public?
The Great Society (pages 892–899)
6. Describe ways that Great Society programs
addressed the problem of poverty.
7. How did the courts increase the political power of
people in urban areas and those accused of crimes?
CRITICAL THINKING
1. USING YOUR NOTES Use a Venn diagram to show the
major legislative programs of the New Frontier and the
Great Society.
2.
MAKING GENERALIZATIONS John F. Kennedy said,
“[M]y fellow Americans, ask not what your country can
do for you—ask what you can do for your country.” Do
you agree with his view about the relationship between
individuals and the country? Explain your opinion.
3.
EVALUATING Do you think the Great Society helped
people achieve their hopes of making life better for
themselves and their children? Explain.
NEW FRONTIER GREAT SOCIETY
Proposed by JFK,
passed under LBJ
Passed
under JFK
Passed
under LBJ
THE NEW FRONTIER AND THE GREAT SOCIETY
VISUAL SUMMARY
LBJJFK
Peace Corps
new “flexible response”
strategy for Cold War
Cuban missile crisis
Bay of Pigs
race to the moon
boosted the economy by
increasing government
spending
increased minimum
wage to $1.25
extended
unemployment
insurance
provided assistance
to cities with high unemployment
supported civil rights
Great Society reform
legislation and federal
assistance programs
war on poverty
increased protection of
individual rights
pushed civil rights bill
through Congress
EOA, VISTA, Project
Head Start
established Medicare
and Medicaid
changed immigration
laws to open doors for
many non-European
immigrants
furthered environmental movement
cut taxes but increased budget deficit
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The New Frontier and the Great Society 903
Use the quotation and your knowledge of United
States history to answer questions 1 and 2.
It is our purpose to win the Cold War, not mere-
ly wage it in the hope of attaining a standoff. . . .
[I]t is really astounding that our government has
never stated its purpose to be that of complete
victory over the tyrannical forces of international
communism. . . . We need a declaration that our
intention is victory. . . . And we need an official
act, such as the resumption of nuclear testing, to
show our own peoples and the other freedom-lov-
ing peoples of the world that we mean business.
Senator Barry Goldwater,
address to the U.S. Senate, July 14, 1961
1. Based on the quotation, it is reasonable to infer
that Senator Goldwater probably opposed —
A the space race.
B the Bay of Pigs invasion.
C the Tax Reduction Act.
D the Limited Test Ban Treaty.
2. Lyndon Johnson helped to bring about all of the fol-
lowing except —
F the Voting Rights Act.
G Head Start.
H Social Security.
J Medicare.
Use the graph as well as your knowledge of United
States history to answer question 3.
3. Which of the following is true about the graph?
A Johnson’s war on poverty failed.
B Poverty began to rise again after 1969.
C Poverty decreased throughout the 1960s.
D In 1960, the poverty level was about 12%.
U.S. Poverty, 1960–1969
Percent of people below poverty level
1960 1963 1969
25
20
15
10
5
0
1966
Standardized Test Practice
ADDITIONAL TEST PRACTICE, pages S1–S33.
ITEST PRACTICE
CLASSZONE.COM
ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT
1. Recall your discussion of
the question on p. 875:
What are the qualities of effective
leaders?
Write a job description for “U.S. President.” Include
sections on “Responsibilities” and “Requirements”
that list necessary traits and experience.
Think About:
• Kennedy’s and Johnson’s (and Nixon’s) back-
ground and style
• the role of the media
• the challenges each leader faced and how he
dealt with them
• the American public’s tastes and preferences
2. LEARNING FROM MEDIA Use the CD-ROM
Electronic Library of Primary Sources and
other resources for Chapter 28. Discuss
the following questions in a small group.
Consider key events such as the Bay of Pigs
Invasion, the Cuban missile crisis, and the Berlin
crisis. What are the dangers of nuclear armament?
• What are the constitutional responsibilities of
the federal government to defend and protect
the people of the United States?
Cooperative Learning Activity It is June 1963, and
President Kennedy announces his intention to
negotiate with the Soviets to limit or halt nuclear
testing. What is your reaction to this plan—do you
approve or disapprove? Working with a partner,
design and create a poster that supports or criti-
cizes President Kennedy’s proposal.
C
D
-
R
O
M
INTERACT
INTERACT
WITH HISTORY
WITH HISTORY
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